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Environmental activism is related to different people and organizations working in different areas like scientific social conservational and political fields related to environmental. Those people and different organizations in nineteenth century when the conservationists and that are included in this movement are also known as green movement as it relates to our environment. It began natural historian groups formed in Europe and North America in different fields like animal welfare, forestry, national parks and wildlife preservation as well as urban sanitation. Also several western nations established many new policies and law to oversee the environmental issues. This topic is very important as we are living on earth, so it is our duty to keep our environment safe and livable. It includes crucial topics of our daily life like climate change, pollution, forestry and animal preservation.
Individual and political action demonstrates the environmental activism. This type of activism is aimed at declining the gases concentration of greenhouses gases in atmosphere. They mainly focus on minimizing the effects of climate change.The political actions taken by individual activists lead to change that are directly related to climate change. Activists in the 1960s and 70s believed in the climactic environmentalism. They were depressed about the nature and were worried about the survival of living beings on earth. However, in the 1970s activists try to advocate some strategies that would limit the degradation of environment.
Ecological modernization
The economy will only have benefits if it always be noted by keep in mind the importance of environmentalism.In 1980 the group scholars started this idea. It was the thinking of the activists that economy and ecology can be combined by environmental productivity. Environmental productivity is based on the idea that natural resources should be used in a productive manner for the economic growth in the future. To illustrate, conservation of the environment could lead to an increase in energy efficiency and, therefore, the industries would be able to use clean technologies in order to decrease the use of the hazardous products. In the nut shell, it is clear that environment can highly effected by these factors so they should be concerned.
Environmental justice activism
It is defined as social movements that mainly focus on a fair and equal distribution of benefits and burdens in the environment. The activists look for social justice for resolving the issue of environmental inequity. Most waste management sites are located in areas that are occupied by the minority group. The activists believe this to be a form of environmental discrimination and a violation of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.Environmental Justice Movements are spread across the world with an aim of ensuring that environmental equity becomes a right. The activists in this movement are based on the fight in areas where discrimination levels are very high.
REFRENCES
- Scale Policy?’ World Development 15, supplement (Autumn 1987).Annis, Sheldon. ‘Giving Voice to the Poor.’ Foreign Policy 84 (Fall 1991) MLA (Modern Language Assoc.)
- Wapner, Paul Kevin. Environmental Activism and World Civic Politics. State University of New York Press, 1996.
- Page 211Doyle, Michael. ‘Kant, Liberalism and Foreign Affairs.’ [part one] Philosophy and Public Affairs 12, no. 3.Drabek, Anne. ‘Developing Alternatives: The Challenge for NGOs¬¬An Overview of the Issues.’ World Development 15, supplement (Autumn 1987)
- Feld, Werner, and Robert Jordan. International Organizations: A Comparative Approach. New York: Praeger, 1983 MLA (Modern Language Assoc.)
- Wapner, Paul Kevin. Environmental Activism and World Civic Politics. State University of New York Press, 1996. APA (American Psychological Assoc.)
- Wapner, P. K. (1996) Feld, Werner, and Robert Jordan. International Organizations: A Comparative Approach. New York: Praeger, 1983 MLA (Modern Language Assoc.)
- Wapner, Paul Kevin. Environmental Activism and World Civic Politics. State University of New York Press, 1996.
- https.//www.pc.pc.ca
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